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Flu & You

What is
Flu?

Flu, also known as influenza, is a viral infection more common in the colder months of the year. It spreads easily through sneezing and coughing.

Anyone can catch flu, and while it often gets better on its own,  it can make some people seriously ill or cause flare ups of other diseases.1 Last year in the 2023/2024 winter season, over 8,000 people ended up in hospital due to flu.2

Headache
a sudden high
temperature
tiredness
dry cough
sore throat
muscle aches
loss of appetite
diarrhoea or
stomach pain

HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND OTHERS FROM FLU?

There are many ways that you can help protect yourself from catching and spreading flu:1

  • Wash your hands with soap and warm water
  • Regularly clean surfaces that are touched often
  • Use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze
  • Put used tissues in the bin as soon as possible
  • Avoid unnecessary contact with people who have flu symptoms
  • Stay off work or school until you’re feeling better

 

A flu vaccination is also an effective way to protect yourself and those around you from flu.

What is a flu VACCINATION?

A flu vaccination is an effective way to protect yourself from catching flu. It also helps prevent you from passing it on to others.3

It works by teaching your body to create specific antibodies which help protect you against the flu virus. It usually takes about 10 to 14 days after your vaccination for this to become effective.4

 

If you have had your flu vaccination but still catch the flu, your body will be better prepared to defend itself, meaning that you’ll have milder symptoms and recover quicker too.4

 

This is especially important if:

 

You’re aged over 65 years old because as we age, so does our immune system, making us less able to fight off the effects of flu and its complications, increasing the risk of falling ill.5,6
You’re living with a long-term health condition, like asthma, diabetes or a heart condition, even if managed well, catching the flu can increase your risk of serious health complications.3,6
You live in a household with school age children and carers, as they are well known vectors/transmitters of flu.3

THAT’S WHY A FLU
VACCINATION IS SO
IMPORTANT!

WHO CAN HAVE A FREE NHS
FLU VACCINATION?

Last year, over 19 million people in England and Wales had their free NHS flu vaccination.7,8

This year, those who can have a free NHS flu vaccination include:9

 

  • Those aged 65 years and over
  • Those aged 6 months to under 65 years in clinical risk groups
  • People who are pregnant
  • All children aged 2 or 3 years on 31 August 2024
  • School-aged children (from Reception to Year 11), even if not in school
  • Those in long-stay residential care homes
  • Carers in receipt of carer’s allowance, or those who are the main carer of an elderly or disabled person
  • Close contacts of immunocompromised individuals
  • Frontline workers in a social care setting without an employer led occupational health scheme

 

If you’re not sure if you qualify for a free NHS flu vaccination, speak with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for more information.

 

If you’ve previously had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the vaccine or an ingredient in the vaccine you cannot have a flu vaccination.4

 

You should report any side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard. This includes any possible side effects you’ve not been told about. By reporting side effects, you’re helping improve the safety of medicines. You can also talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.

 

HOW TO GET MY
FLU VACCINATION?

If you’re eligible for an NHS flu vaccination, it’s simple to book your appointment, from either your GP surgery or a pharmacy that offers NHS flu vaccinations.4

For school-aged children (from Reception up to Year 11), it will be offered as part of the NHS school aged immunisation service. If your child is school age but not in school, your GP surgery or pharmacist will be able to support you in booking their appointment.

When you arrive for your flu vaccination appointment, don’t forget to tell the doctor, nurse or pharmacist if:4

 

  • You feel unwell with a high temperature
  • You are allergic to eggs
  • You have had a reaction to a previous flu vaccination

 

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse.

FAQS

  • I’ve heard vaccinations can have side effects, should I be worried?

    Some people may get side effects after a flu vaccination, but these are usually mild and should only last a couple of days. This may include but is not limited to:4

     

    • A sore arm where the needle went in
    • Muscle aches
    • A slightly raised temperature

     

    You should report any side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard. This includes any possible side effects you’ve not been told about. By reporting side effects, you’re helping improve the safety of medicines. You can also talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.

  • Should I be worried about flu if I’m pregnant?

    If you are pregnant you are at a higher risk of serious illness from flu so it is important to protect yourself as best you can.

     

    In fact, if you’re pregnant you’re one of the groups eligible a free NHS flu vaccination. When booking your appointment make sure to tell the doctor, nurse or pharmacist that you’re pregnant, and they will give you the appropriate vaccination.4,10

  • Can I get the flu vaccination at the same time as my COVID-19 vaccination?

    Yes, you can.

     

    Having a vaccination against flu and COVID-19 provides protection for you and those around you from both viruses. Data shows that if you have the COVID-19 and flu vaccinations together, the response rates are unaffected and the side effects seen after vaccination are considered acceptable.4,6

     

    Speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for further guidance.

  • I have asthma, but my doctor says I manage my condition well. Will a flu vaccination make my asthma worse?

    If you have a long-term health condition, such as asthma, even if you feel fit and healthy, the flu can increase your risk of developing serious health complications.3,6

     

    People living with asthma are one of the eligible groups who can have a free NHS flu vaccination, and having one will not make the symptoms of your asthma worse. The flu vaccination can help prevent you from catching flu and from passing it on,3 and if you do still catch flu, the vaccination may mean you will have milder symptoms and recover quicker.4

     

    Speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for further information.

  • I’m under 65 and living with diabetes. Should I protect myself against flu?

    Even if your diabetes is considered “well controlled”, flu can increase your risk of developing serious health complications.3,6 The flu vaccination can help prevent you from catching flu and from passing it on.3 If you do still catch flu, the vaccination may mean you will have milder symptoms and recover quicker.4

     

    If you’re living with diabetes, you’re in one of the groups eligible a free NHS flu vaccination. Speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for further information.

  • I hear how the NHS is under pressure. I don’t want to bother my busy doctor by asking for a flu vaccination.

    By getting your flu vaccination, you are helping to protect yourself and those around you, which can actually help relieve pressure on the NHS.9

     

    Remember, you can also receive your flu vaccination from your local pharmacy.4

     

    Speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for further information.

  • If I get the flu vaccination, will it give me the flu?

    The flu vaccination cannot give you the flu.

     

    The vaccination contains an inactive virus that helps your body learn to fight the flu by making something called antibodies.4 It takes about 10 to 14 days for these antibodies to be ready.4 After that, if you come into contact with the flu virus, your body will know how to fight it.4

     

    Some people may get side effects after a flu vaccination, but these are usually mild and should only last a couple of days. This may include but is not limited to:4

     

    • A sore arm where the needle went in
    • Muscle aches
    • A slightly raised temperature

     

    You should report any side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard. This includes any possible side effects you’ve not been told about. By reporting side effects, you’re helping improve the safety of medicines. You can also talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.

     

    Speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for more information.

  • I’ve had my flu vaccination last year, why do I need it again?

    The flu virus changes every year. Vaccinations are updated each year, to protect you from the types of flu expected over the winter. Getting your flu vaccination each year is the best way to protect yourself from flu.4

  • I am concerned about the ingredients of the flu vaccination for religious reasons, what should I do?

    Religious beliefs play an important part in deciding how to live your life, including your healthcare choices. The facts below should help you to make an informed decision:

    Islam

     

    • The British Islamic Medical Association state that vaccination can be important to protect you and others around you11
    • The injectable flu vaccination does not contain porcine (pork gelatine), and is the main protection offered to eligible adults11
    • The nasal spray vaccination, often offered to children, does contain a pork gelatine derived product. However, parents are free to choose which vaccination their child receives.11 Always ask your doctor when considering which protection is best for you and your family.

    Judaism

     

    • Senior Jewish religious authorities have advised that according to Jewish law, there is no problem with porcine or other animal derived ingredients in non-oral products. This includes vaccinations, including those administered via the nose, injections, suppositories, creams and ointments12

    Whatever your religion, health choices are personal, and it is important to consider official healthcare guidance alongside guidance from religious leaders to protect yourself, your family, and those around you.

  1. NHS England. Flu. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/flu/ [Last accessed September 2024]
  2. Gov.UK. Surveillance of influenza and other seasonal respiratory viruses in the UK, winter 2023 to 2024. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/surveillance-of-influenza-and-other-seasonal-respiratory-viruses-in-the-uk-winter-2023-to-2024/surveillance-of-influenza-and-other-seasonal-respiratory-viruses-in-the-uk-winter-2023-to-2024 [Last accessed September 2024]
  3. GOV.UK. The flu vaccination: who should have it and why (winter 2024 to 2025) [Last accessed September 2024]
  4. NHS England. Flu Vaccine. https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/flu-vaccine/ [Last accessed September 2024]
  5. ScienceDirect. Diversity of NKR expression in aging T cells and in T cells of the aged: The new frontier into the exploration of protective immunity in the elderly. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556505000872?via%3Dihub [Last accessed September 2024]
  6. GOV.UK. Influenza: the green book, chapter 19 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/654cf306014cc90010677371/Green-book-chapter-19-influenza-_3November2023.pdf [Last accessed September 2024]
  7. NHS England. Vaccinations: Influenza. https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/flu-vaccinations/ [Last accessed September 2024]
  8. NHS Wales. National Influenza Immunisation Summary – Update 25 (25 Apr 2024) https://www2.nphs.wales.nhs.uk/CommunitySurveillanceDocs.nsf/($All)/87F1487B2B1E6FDA80258B0A0057A5A7/$File/National%20Influenza%20Immunisation%20Summary%20-%20Update%2025%202023-24%20(25%20Apr%202024).pdf?OpenElement [Last accessed September 2024]
  9. GOV.UK. National flu immunisation programme 2024 to 2025 letter. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-flu-immunisation-programme-plan-2024-to-2025/national-flu-immunisation-programme-2024-to-2025-letter [Last accessed September 2024]
  10. NHS England. The flu jab in pregnancy. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/flu-jab/ [Last accessed September 2024]
  11. British Islamic Medical Association. BIMA Flu Vaccination Guidance 2024-2025. https://britishima.org/advice/flu-2024/ [Last accessed September 2024]
  12. GOV.UK. Vaccines and porcine gelatine. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/63349f2c8fa8f50684f6ccad/UKHSA-12462-vaccines-porcine-gelatine-English.pdf [Last accessed September 2024]